In 1997, Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to conduct assessment, remedial action, and site closure activities for FUSRAP sites. The DOE Office of Legacy Management (LM) retains responsibility for determining eligibility for site cleanup under FUSRAP and for long-term surveillance and maintenance (LTSM). Roles and responsibilities are established in a 1999 Memorandum of Understanding.

When remedial action is nearing completion at a FUSRAP site, USACE and LM begin coordinating transfer of the site to LM for LTSM. USACE provides site documentation and records to LM. LM may conduct a site visit and meet with regulators, local stakeholders, and the property owners. The Process for Transition document provides a more detailed description.

Before a site is transferred, the regulator must concur that the selected remedy is operating successfully, which indicates the site is protective of human health and the environment. If residual radioactive contamination will remain on a site, such as in ground water or inaccessible soil areas, LTSM requirements may include environmental monitoring, inspections, or management of institutional controls to ensure protectiveness. In these instances, USACE conducts a 2-year-long Operations and Maintenance period to demonstrate the site hazards are controlled. During this time, LM develops an LTSM plan for the site.

USACE maintains a site completion schedule. The schedule is updated at least annually to address changing priorities and circumstances. LM updates long-range plans on the basis of the USACE completion schedule.